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one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political
belief, economic or social condition” (WHO, 2014, p. 1).
● Nursing – “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of
illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human
response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and
populations” (ANA, 2015, p. 44).
Curricular Threads
● Professionalism – Professionalism is the accountable and responsible behavior of a nurse
through internalization of self-evident core values and ethical codes of conduct learned through
experience, reflection and growth while working to improve patient outcomes and promote the
ideals of the nursing profession (NLN, 2014).
● Leadership – is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon in which the vision of goals are
communicated through value affirmation, motivation, stewardship, management, and
development of followers (NLN, 2013b).
● Inter/Intraprofessional Communication & Collaboration - Nurses “communicate with
patients, families, communities, and other health professionals in a responsive and responsible
manner that supports a team approach to the maintenance of health and the treatment of disease”
(Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel, 2011, p. 23). Interprofessional
collaboration includes components of “knowledge of professional roles and responsibilities,
effective communication, conflict resolution, and shared decision making” (IOM, 2011, p. 203).
Intraprofessional communication and collaboration - occurs between individuals from the
same professional education and background.
● Patient Centered Care – recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control or full
partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient
preferences, values, and needs. Patient centered care incorporates current evidence-based
practices and critical thinking techniques to develop plans of care; communication practices to
foster effective interdisciplinary collaboration that includes patients and family members in
planning and delivering quality care; and, promotion of a culture of caring and advocacy that
demonstrates respect for individual patient preferences, values, needs, and the diversity of the
human experience (QSEN, 2014).
● Cultural Competence - is understanding of the perspectives, traditions, values, practices, and
family systems of culturally diverse individuals, families, communities, and populations for
whom they care, as well as a knowledge of the complex variables that affect the achievement of
health and well-being (Douglas, et. al., 2011, p. 320). “Culture is often described as the
combination of a body of knowledge, a body of belief and a body of behavior. It involves a
number of elements, including personal identification, language, thoughts, communications,
actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions that are often specific to ethnic, racial,
religious, geographic, or social groups. For the provider of health information or health care,
these elements influence beliefs and belief systems surrounding health, healing, wellness, illness,