U.S. History
Practice Assessment
Copyright © 2023, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibited without express
written permission from the Texas Education Agency.
U.S. History
Practice Assessment
Copyright © 2023, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibited without express
written permission from the Texas Education Agency.
U.S. HISTORYU.S. HISTORY
U.S. History
Page 3
U.S. History
Page 4
DIRECTIONS
Read each question carefully. Choose the best answer to each
question. For open-response questions, determine the best answer
to the question.
1 This time line is about the national motto of the United States.
Why did federal leaders have a renewed interest in the phrase
“In God We Trust”?
A
They planned to propose legislation requiring citizens to practice
Christianity.
B
They planned to address past discrimination against religious
minorities.
C
They wanted to contrast the country with the atheism of the
Soviet Union.
D
They wanted to signal that the country protected religious freedom.
76657
Hoover
Dam,
Which
Straddles
the
Arizona
and
Nevada
Borders
on
the
Colorado
River
Photographs
in
the
Carol
M.
Highsmith
Archive,
Library
of
Congress,
Prints
and
Photographs
Division.
U.S. History
Page 5
2 This photograph shows an important historical structure.
How does this structure affect the standard of living in the western
United States?
A
It protects the region’s natural wildlife habitats and ecosystems.
B
It supplies the region with water and electric power.
C
It fullls the region’s demand for continuous job growth.
D
It provides the region with improved access to mining.
66975
U.S. History
Page 6
3 This excerpt is from a presidential speech given in the 1930s.
It is possible that when the banks resume a very few people
who have not recovered from their fear may again begin
withdrawals. Let me make it clear that the banks will take
care of all needs. . . . People will again be glad to have their
money where it will be safely taken care of and where they
can use it conveniently at any time. I can assure you that it
is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under
the mattress.
—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, March 12, 1933
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, which
statements describe the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
It was created as a result of World War I.
`
One of its purposes was to maintain nancial stability.
`
It was created as a result of Prohibition.
`
One of its purposes was to increase trade with foreign nations.
`
It was created as a result of the Great Depression.
92300
U.S. History
Page 7
4 This excerpt is from a presidential address made in 2011.
Throughout our history, our government has provided cutting-edge
scientists and inventors with the support that they need. That’s
what planted the seeds for the Internet. That’s what helped make
possible things like computer chips and GPS.
—President Barack Obama, State of the Union address
Which situation resulted in innovations such as computer chips
and GPS?
A
A shortage of technological advances in other areas of the world
B
Increased efforts by companies to improve manufacturing
techniques
C
A rise in competition among technology companies in a
free-enterprise system
D
Decreased use of social-media platforms to gain information
78373
U.S. History
Page 8
5 This excerpt is from a civil-service law passed by the U.S. Congress in
the 1880s.
Examinations shall be practical in their character, and . . . shall
relate to those matters which will fairly test the relative capacity
and tness of the persons examined to discharge the duties of
the service into which they seek to be appointed.
—Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, why did
lawmakers believe that this type of reform was needed?
A
To address reluctance among citizens to join the military
B
To address the fact that many diplomats refused to perform their
assigned tasks
C
To address concerns about the job skills of recent university
graduates
D
To address the practice of elected ofcials awarding jobs to their
political allies
76656
U.S. History
Page 9
6 This time line shows select events related to voting rights in the
United States.
Based on the time line and your knowledge of U.S. history, which
statement describes the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on
U.S. society?
A
It improved the political participation of immigrants.
B
It decreased the political participation of wealthy individuals.
C
It increased the political participation of minorities.
D
It limited the political participation of business owners.
78372
U.S. History
Page 10
7 This list describes a volunteer organization founded by African
American women.
Women’s Service Club of Boston
• founded in 1919 and active throughout the twentieth century
• provided affordable shelter for minority women
• helped minority women working in domestic service
• offered social services, professional training, and legal education
Which statement BEST describes the goal of the Women’s Service
Club of Boston?
A
Expanding the availability of economic opportunities and rights for
minority women
B
Addressing environmental problems in neighborhoods with large
numbers of minority women
C
Establishing unions and employee-led committees in industries
that employ minority women
D
Monitoring court proceedings in an effort to protect the rights of
minority women
78611
U.S. History
Page 11
This page intentionally left blank
U.S. History
Page 12
8 This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.
This table provides data about the U.S. economy between 1928
and 1932.
Select U.S. Economic Data, 1928–1932
Year
Unemployment
Rate
Dow Jones
Industrial
Average Index
Federal Budget
Surplus/Decit
(millions)
Total U.S. Exports
(millions)
1928 4% 79 $939 $5,776
1929 3% 247 $734 $5,441
1930 9% 172 $738 $4,013
1931 16% 83 –$462 $2,918
1932 24% 59 –$2,735 $2,434
Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, U.S. Census Bureau,
St. Louis Federal Reserve
U.S. History
Page 13
Part A
Which category from the table BEST points to one initial cause of the
Great Depression?
A
Unemployment Rate
B
Dow Jones Industrial Average Index
C
Federal Budget Surplus/Decit
D
Total U.S. Exports
Part B
In which way does the table provide evidence to support the answer
to Part A?
A
By showing how the government began spending far more than it
received in taxes each year
B
By showing how nearly a quarter of workers lost their jobs
C
By showing how the number of U.S. goods purchased by other
countries was reduced by half
D
By showing how the stock market crashed before the onset of
other nancial problems
82604
U.S. History
Page 14
9 This excerpt is from the U.S. Constitution.
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more
perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility,
provide for the common defence, promote the general
Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.
—Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
Why was this language included in the document?
A
To explain the purpose of government
B
To outline the structure of government
C
To restrict the power of local governments
D
To protect citizens from the federal government
76609
10 Why is Sandra Day O’Connor a signicant gure in U.S. history?
A
She inspired more opportunities for women in politics by being
the rst woman elected to the Senate.
B
Her leadership on women’s rights led to the ratication of the
Equal Rights Amendment.
C
She helped create opportunities for women in law by being the
rst woman appointed to the Supreme Court.
D
Her election to Congress helped lead to the passage of laws that
made women’s pay equal with men’s.
75702
U.S. History
Page 15
11 This excerpt is from a newspaper article describing a disturbance that
occurred in Colonial Beach, Virginia, during the 1950s.
The swimming party of [African Americans] to test their right
to swim in the Potomac River at Colonial Beach last Saturday
ended in a near riot. . . .
Hundreds of other residents and visitors were attracted to the
waterfront when [African American] bathers swam at a spot
used only by white persons for seventy years.
—Arizona Sun, August 11, 1950
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did
the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 help address these types
of issues?
A
By supporting efforts to fund separate but equal public facilities
B
By encouraging communities to outlaw public pools
C
By limiting local government authority to integrate public schools
D
By prohibiting discrimination in public spaces
66730
12 What was the signicance of the Marshall Plan?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
It provided military weapons to Latin American countries after
World War II.
`
It fully supported the Truman Doctrine.
`
It provided economic support to European countries after
World War II.
`
It fully supported the Good Neighbor Policy.
`
It provided economic support to Latin American countries after
World War II.
92297
U.S. History
Page 16
13 This excerpt is about a societal issue from the 1970s and 1980s.
The 1980s began with a focused strategy among the leaders
in women’s organizations and unions to raise women’s pay
and to clarify the differences between the Equal Pay Act and
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act’s prohibition against sex-based
wage discrimination.
—“Fifty Years After the Equal Pay Act,”
National Equal Pay Task Force, June 2013
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, which
conclusion about U.S. society during this time period persists today?
A
Women increased pressure to ensure that workers across
industries received the same pay as their bosses.
B
Women were refusing to join the labor market because of the low
wages they were being offered.
C
Women increased their participation in the labor market but were
paid less for their work than men.
D
Women were routinely denied access to higher-paying jobs but
only in female-dominated industries.
76759
U.S. History
Page 17
14 Which outcomes are connected to U.S. involvement in the
Vietnam War?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
The U.S. Supreme Court limited freedom of expression in
response to military efforts.
`
The United States lowered the voting age to 18 years old.
`
The country of Vietnam was divided into North and South along
the 17th parallel.
`
The unied Vietnamese state adopted a democratic government.
`
The War Powers Act of 1973 limited executive authority to conduct
war without the approval of Congress.
82065
U.S. History
Page 18
15 This excerpt is from a presidential speech given in the 1980s.
For 18 months now we have had underway a secret diplomatic
initiative to Iran. That initiative was undertaken for the simplest
and best of reasons: to renew a relationship with the nation
of Iran, to bring an honorable end to the bloody 6-year war
between Iran and Iraq, to eliminate state-sponsored terrorism
and subversion, and to effect the safe return of all hostages.
Without Iran’s cooperation, we cannot bring an end to the
Persian Gulf war; without Iran’s concurrence, there can be no
enduring peace in the Middle East.
—President Ronald Reagan, “Address to the
Nation on the Iran Arms and Contra Aid
Controversy,” November 13, 1986
How did the Iran-Contra Affair demonstrate a change in U.S.
involvement in the Middle East?
A
The United States was planning to remove itself from activities in
the Middle East.
B
The United States was willing to work with an enemy state in the
Middle East.
C
The United States was primarily concerned with acquiring
resources from the Middle East.
D
The United States could not compete with the inuence of the
Soviet Union in the Middle East.
74054
U.S. History
Page 19
16 How were popular viewpoints in U.S. society reected in the
Progressive Party’s 1912 platform?
Select ONE correct answer in each row.
Proposal to
prohibit child
labor
Proposal of a
tariff commission
reporting to the
president and
Congress
Proposal for
the direct
election of
senators
The view that
unequal trade hurt
the livelihoods of
American workers
A B C
The view that there
was too much
corruption in state
legislatures
A B C
The view that more
regulations were
needed for big
industries
A B C
67999
U.S. History
Page 20
17 This excerpt is about a political alliance in the South in the 1890s.
In 1894, black Republicans and white Populists joined
together to create a “fusion” ticket of candidates to
oppose Democrats. . . .
This wasn’t the rst time whites and blacks had allied
politically. . . .
Yet the Fusion Party proved to be more powerful than
anyone had anticipated. . . .
Fusion was a ticket of the working class, and the
alliance soon began implementing policies that helped
its supporters. . . .
The white elite were threatened by these new policies. . . .
Yet they had little connection with poor voters, and so had
few ideas about how to address their economic concerns.
Instead, they tried to convince poor whites that they should
not associate with blacks in any way.
—Alana Semuels, “Segregation Had to Be Invented,”
The Atlantic, February 17, 2017
Which claim about the South in the 1890s is supported by this excerpt?
A
Some African Americans and whites were willing to work together
to overturn existing social structures.
B
African Americans exercised their political power in ways that
completely transformed southern society.
C
Some whites and African Americans gained control of state
legislatures throughout the southern region.
D
Whites representing the working class were able to permanently
reverse harmful economic policies.
82056
U.S. History
Page 21
18 This list shows some events in the life of a signicant twentieth-century
gure.
Select Events in the Life of Betty Friedan
• She published her rst book, The Feminine Mystique, in 1963.
• She cofounded the National Organization for Women in 1966.
• She founded the National Women’s Political Caucus in 1971.
• She became director of the First Women’s Bank and Trust in 1973.
Which statement describes Betty Friedan’s contribution to the
United States?
A
She supported the beliefs of middle-class citizens.
B
She helped win ratication of the Equal Rights Amendment.
C
She helped secure passage of anti-discrimination laws.
D
She supported the ideals of the Civil Rights Movement.
66910
19 Which statement describes a purpose of the naturalization test?
A
To determine whether the applicant has connections to
foreign countries
B
To determine whether the applicant has a basic knowledge
of American history
C
To determine whether the applicant has ideals that align with
American values
D
To determine whether the applicant already has family living
in the country
74066
U.S. History
Page 22
20 This excerpt is from a panel discussion on World War I and quotes
Tony Williams, a Senior Teaching Fellow at the Bill of Rights Institute.
“The Attorney General, Thomas Gregory, drafted the bill that
would become the Espionage Act, which made it a crime
to interfere with the operations of the military, or to cause
insubordination, disloyalty, rioting, or refusal of duty—or . . .
willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment services of the
United States.” . . .
The Wilson Justice Department went into action to enforce
the law and “prosecuted 2,000 plus cases under the Espionage
Act,” said Williams. “Congress created the Espionage Act
not just to curtail free speech, but more specically, to
prevent interference with the draft or conscription. Over
1000 convictions were upheld by the courts, including a very
famous socialist, Eugene Debs.”
—“Still Ripe after 100 Years; ED Panel Discusses
the Constitution and World War I,” U.S.
Department of Education, 2017
Which parts of the excerpt BEST describe the constitutional issues
raised during World War I?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
. . . Thomas Gregory, drafted the bill that would become the
Espionage Act. . . .
`
. . . made it a crime to interfere with the operations of the
military, or to cause insubordination, disloyalty, rioting, or refusal
of duty . . .
`
. . . Wilson Justice Department went into action to enforce
the law . . .
`
Congress created the Espionage Act not just to curtail
free speech . . .
`
Over 1000 convictions were upheld by the courts. . . .
92298
U.S. History
Page 23
21 This graph shows trends in U.S. economic indicators between 1918
and 1921.
Which statement describes U.S. economic trends immediately after
World War I ended in 1918?
A
The economy entered a period of instability.
B
The economy expanded as returning soldiers joined the workforce.
C
Consumers paid lower prices for everyday goods.
D
Consumer demand for goods led to a growth in manufacturing.
66815
Index
of
U.S. Economic Indicators,
1918-1921
140
0 130
0
..-1 120
,.
,,
...
,,
...
,,
...
,,
...
7
"'
~
,,
Q)
110
C
,,,
,,,
7
,,,
,,,
Q)
100
l/)
cu
ca
90
80
,,,
'\.
'\.
"
70
1918 1919 1920 1921
Year
KEY
- Manufacturing
production
---
Cost
of
living
Source: Social Security Administration
U.S. History
Page 24
22 What did the U.S. Supreme Court decide in the case of Brown v. Board
of Education?
What was one effect of this decision on U.S. society?
Think about the questions carefully. Then record your answers to
BOTH questions in the box provided.
82573
23 Why did President Franklin Roosevelt’s administration consider Italy an
adversary during World War II?
A
Italy blocked U.S. resupply efforts to Pacic naval bases.
B
Italy was trying to negotiate new trade agreements with the
United States.
C
Italy denied aid to the U.S. military after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
D
Italy was initially part of the Axis powers ghting against the
United States.
66783
Eagle
Sculpture
at
the
U.S.
Post
Office
in
Johnstown,
Pennsylvania
Carol
M.
Highsmith
Archive,
Library
of
Congress
U.S. History
Page 25
24 This photograph shows a sculpture that was funded by the Works
Progress Administration, a New Deal agency, in the 1930s.
How did the decision to use federal tax revenue to create art such as
this have a lasting impact on the United States?
A
It set an example of the federal government providing direct
economic assistance to citizens.
B
It inuenced federal agencies to distribute patriotic propaganda to
citizens throughout the country.
C
It prompted legislators to regulate federal programs that provided
citizens with vocational training.
D
It justied a requirement that citizens take loyalty oaths as a
condition of federal employment.
67381
U.S. History
Page 26
25 How have innovations in communications inuenced the U.S. economy?
A
Technology goods are increasingly produced domestically.
B
Commercial satellites are manufactured and operated by
the government.
C
Cell phones are more expensive and less accessible to consumers.
D
Information technology has become interconnected across
industries.
67314
26 Which statements describe effects of the Spanish-American War?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
The United States purchased the Virgin Islands for $20 million.
`
It helped establish the United States as a global military and
economic power.
`
The United States purchased the Philippines for $20 million.
`
It allowed the United States to increase its inuence over newly
independent Hawai`i.
`
The United States purchased Alaska for $20 million.
92295
U.S. History
Page 27
27 This excerpt describes the mission of a political group.
To formulate and promote public policies based on the
principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual
freedom, traditional . . . values, and a strong national defense.
—The Heritage Foundation
Which effect on U.S. society is a result of this organization’s efforts?
A
Militant actions for social reforms
B
Rise of conservative ideas
C
Increased power for the judicial branch
D
Expansion of minority rights
76854
28 This excerpt is from a Beat Generation writer from the 1950s.
Suppose we suddenly wake up and see that what we thought
to be this and that, ain’t this and that at all?
—Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums, 1958
How did Beat Generation writers affect U.S. society in the 1950s
and 1960s?
A
They inuenced people to accept the world around them.
B
They encouraged people to solve political and economic problems.
C
They encouraged people to move away from large urban areas.
D
They inuenced people to reexamine traditional beliefs and values.
76310
“
COME
UNTO
ME,
YE
OPPREST!
”
Source:
SHEC:
Resources
for
Teachers
U.S. History
Page 28
29 This political cartoon was published in 1919.
Based on this cartoon and your knowledge of U.S. history, which
concern led to the rise of nativism in the United States during this
time period?
A
A fear that immigrants planned to destroy a famous American
monument
B
A fear that immigrants were seeking to harm American society
C
A fear that immigrants would make weapons to damage
American factories
D
A fear that immigrants were angry about American participation
in World War I
64553
U.S. History
Page 29
30 Which outcome was a direct result of the passage of the Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act of 1944?
A
A growth in the use of public transportation methods
B
An end to discriminatory college and university admissions policies
C
An increase in the total homeownership rate
D
A slowdown in agriculture and business activity overall
67282
31 How were voters affected by the establishment of recall elections
during the Progressive Era?
A
Voters were empowered to remove government leaders from
state ofces.
B
Voters were allowed to recommend legislation at the federal level.
C
Voters were given the right to evaluate the performance of
federal ofcials.
D
Voters were given veto power over bills passed at the state level.
76659
Library
of
Congress
U.S. History
Page 30
32 This photograph shows Chiricahua Apaches at a boarding school
operated by the U.S. government in Pennsylvania in the 1880s.
Why did the federal government establish boarding schools for
American Indians?
A
To teach American Indians about their heritage and tribal history
B
To recruit American Indian soldiers who could speak in code
during wartime
C
To force American Indians to assimilate into white society
D
To train American Indian missionaries who could return to their
tribes and spread Christianity
78387
U.S. History
Page 31
33 This excerpt is from a presidential speech in the 1910s.
The diplomacy of the present administration has sought to
respond to modern ideas of commercial intercourse. This
policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for
bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian
sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and
to legitimate commercial aims. It is an effort frankly directed
to the increase of American trade upon the [unquestionable]
principle that the government of the United States shall
extend all proper support to every legitimate and benecial
American enterprise abroad.
—President William Howard Taft, annual message
of the president to Congress, 1912
Which statements explain outcomes of the policy described in
the excerpt?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
It failed to create economic stability in Latin America.
`
It contributed to regional tensions between China and Japan.
`
It decreased the availability of private loans.
`
It reduced investments in domestic enterprises.
`
It caused people to question further expansion overseas.
78981
U.S. History
Page 32
34 This excerpt is from an 1868 amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall [violate]
the privileges or immunities of citizens . . . nor . . . deprive any
person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.
—Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did the
application of this amendment support the Civil Rights Movement?
A
Its improper interpretation by courts of law limited the ability of
citizens to sue for damages.
B
It established a council of citizens with veto power over federal
laws deemed discriminatory.
C
Its inconsistent enforcement led to the passage of additional laws
to protect the liberties of citizens.
D
It provided a set of guidelines for citizens to ask the courts to
review federal laws deemed biased.
74041
Women
Working
in
a
Sunkist
Packing
House
National
Archives
U.S. History
Page 33
35 This photograph shows women working in a citrus factory in the
early 1930s.
Based on the photograph and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did
technological innovations affect the workplace during this period?
A
Production costs increased.
B
Production outputs decreased.
C
Machines improved worker wages.
D
Machines simplied worker roles.
66968
U.S. History
Page 34
36 This list describes some effects of the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act passed in 2010.
1. Americans gained increased options for purchasing private
health insurance outside the workplace.
2. Some employer-sponsored insurance plan prices increased
slightly, but only temporarily.
3. Americans could receive government subsidies to help pay
for the cost of health insurance.
4. Coverage limits, or maximum amounts that insurance
companies would pay for medical treatment during a
person’s lifetime, ended.
Which effect would LIKELY be opposed by a person who believes that
the national debt is too high?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
67590
U.S. History
Page 35
37 This excerpt describes events leading up to U.S. involvement in the
Korean War.
In 1949 China underwent a revolution that brought Mao Zedong
and his Communist party into power. The nationalists . . . had
retreated to the island of Formosa (Taiwan) while they continued
their war with mainland China. Mao . . . signed a treaty with the
Soviets in 1950. The Truman administration faced criticism . . .
[that] he had “lost” China.
—“US Enters the Korean Conict,” National Archives
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, why did
President Harry Truman involve the United States in the Korean War?
A
He was informed of China’s intent to claim North Korea as
a territory.
B
He was informed of China’s military support of North Korea.
C
He did not want to allow China’s efforts in North Korea to be
approved by world leaders.
D
He did not want China’s intervention in North Korea to lead to the
use of nuclear weapons.
82063
U.S. History
Page 36
38 This excerpt describes the impacts that westward expansion has had
on the environment.
The scale of irrigation ramped up considerably when the United
States sought to encourage agricultural settlers to stake private
claims to the nation’s newly acquired western lands in the late
1800s. Federal reclamation projects promised irrigation water to
convert the arid desert to irrigable farmland, facilitating farming
and economic development. . . .
Ambitious water development projects in the western U.S.
achieved most of their goals. Federally subsidized water and
power, in addition to free and inexpensive land, encouraged
massive in-migration from other parts of the country. . . .
Western water sources have been utilized to the point that
there are few undeveloped resources to draw upon to satisfy
new demands or to restore depleted rivers and aquifers. Most
rivers have been dammed to capture high spring runoff and to
recapture water downstream for subsequent use.
—U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, “Water in the
U.S. American West: 150 Years of Adaptive
Strategies,” March 2012
Which sentence from the excerpt describes how current population
growth has affected the water supply in the western United States?
A
The scale of irrigation ramped up considerably when the
United States sought to encourage agricultural settlers to stake
private claims to the nation’s newly acquired western lands in
the late 1800s.
B
Federal reclamation projects promised irrigation water to convert
the arid desert to irrigable farmland, facilitating farming and
economic development.
C
Western water sources have been utilized to the point that there
are few undeveloped resources to draw upon to satisfy new
demands or to restore depleted rivers and aquifers.
D
Most rivers have been dammed to capture high spring runoff
and to recapture water downstream for subsequent use.
92296
U.S. History
Page 37
39 This newspaper headline was published in 1937 during President
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration.
Based on the headline and your knowledge of U.S. history, which
question BEST summarizes the debate over Roosevelt’s plan for the
Supreme Court?
A
How much power should the executive branch exercise over the
judicial branch?
B
Should the legislative branch be allowed to reduce the authority of
the executive branch?
C
How can the legislative branch limit the role of the judicial branch
to serve the country’s interests?
D
Should the legislative and judicial branches work to counter the
power of the executive branch?
80326
U.S. History
Page 38
40 Which contribution did General John J. Pershing make to World War I?
A
He planned the D-day invasion that liberated France.
B
He suggested using Navajo soldiers to communicate coded
messages.
C
He developed a strategy for resisting attacks by German U-boats.
D
He led troops in a major attack that was a turning point for
the Allies.
78614
41 Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Panther Party led efforts for
change during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
How were the efforts by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Panthers
similar, AND how were the efforts by Martin Luther King Jr. and the
Black Panthers different? Provide one similarity and one difference.
Think about the question carefully. Then record your answer in the
box provided.
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U.S. History
Page 39
42 This image shows a stamp created by the Soviet Union.
Which outcome resulted from the event commemorated on this stamp?
A
Funding for weapons programs increased.
B
The Warsaw Pact was founded.
C
The Truman Doctrine was established.
D
Control of satellite states began.
76852
U.S. History
Page 40
43 This excerpt is about unemployment during the Great Depression.
In June 1932 . . . 24 percent of U.S. workers were unemployed,
and many of those employed were only working part-time or on
shortened weeks.
—Rosemary D. Marcuss and Richard E. Kane,
“U.S. National Income and Product Statistics:
Born of the Great Depression and World War II,”
Survey of Current Business, February 2007
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did this
problem affect the U.S. economy?
A
Labor unions gained more power.
B
Property foreclosures increased.
C
Manufacturers earned higher prots.
D
Ination rates rose.
67261
44 Which statements describe the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
It attempted to encourage market competition through regulations.
`
It changed the relationship between the federal government and
private businesses.
`
It attempted to improve working conditions through regulations.
`
It changed the relationship between the federal government and
state legislatures.
`
It attempted to expand overseas trade through regulations.
92299
U.S. History
Page 41
45 This diagram shows a growing trend that began to negatively affect
the United States in the 1960s and 1970s.
How did the federal government respond to the trend shown in
the diagram?
A
By establishing the Environmental Protection Agency to protect
air and water
B
By opening national parks to human settlement
C
By using Great Society programs to require recycling and
conservation
D
By providing subsidies to encourage organic farming practices
77709
46 Which statement describes the role of laissez-faire practices involving
businesses during the Industrial Revolution?
A
Business monopolies in control of the production of goods
were dismantled.
B
The U.S. government mandated that businesses allow unions
for workers.
C
Businesses that lacked worker safety regulations were required
to shut down.
D
The U.S. government did not regulate how private businesses
operated.
81761
Dust
Storm
in
Baca
County,
Colorado
Library
of
Congress
U.S. History
Page 42
47 This photograph was taken in 1936.
Based on the photograph and your knowledge of U.S. history, which
factor contributed to the conditions pictured?
A
Poor soil management
B
Extensive deforestation
C
High unemployment rates
D
Widespread pollution
67461
48 Why did President Richard Nixon appeal to the “silent majority” in 1969?
A
To inspire religious demands for peace in Vietnam
B
To gain American support for gradually withdrawing troops
from Vietnam
C
To pressure Vietnamese government ofcials to end the war
D
To support protests against American involvement in Vietnam
64198
U.S. History
Page 43
49 This excerpt contains several articles from the treaty signed following
World War I.
Which selection BEST represents a reason this treaty did not align
with U.S. isolationist policies?
Select the ONE correct answer.
A
Members of the League undertake to respect . . . existing political
independence. . . . In case of . . . any threat . . . the Council shall
advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fullled. . . .
B
Germany renounces . . . all her rights and titles over her oversea
possessions. . . .
C
The German military forces shall be demobilized. . . .
D
Persons guilty of criminal acts against the nationals of one of the
Allied and Associated Powers will be brought before the military
tribunals of that Power. . . .
E
. . . Germany accepts the responsibility . . . for causing all the loss
and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and
their nationals have been subjected.
—Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919
74042
U.S. History
Page 44
50 This excerpt is from a constitutional amendment.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and
seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue,
but upon probable cause.
—Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Why did civil liberties advocates believe that security measures taken
using the Patriot Act, passed after the September 11th attacks,
violated this amendment?
A
Because the law prohibited citizens cleared of wrongdoing from
reclaiming their conscated property
B
Because the law allowed law enforcement ofcers to enter any
home without justication
C
Because the law allowed the federal government to take
permanent ownership of people’s homes
D
Because the law gave the federal government the power to
monitor citizen communications
68012
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U.S. History
Page 45
51 These images are taken from the arrest warrants for Mildred Jeter and
Richard Loving in 1958.
Based on these images and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did
these arrests affect the rights of U.S. citizens?
A
They led to a law being passed giving local governments the
option to legalize interracial marriages.
B
They led to a Supreme Court ruling legalizing interracial marriage
in all states.
C
They led to a Supreme Court ruling that made it illegal for
churches to marry interracial couples.
D
They led to a federal law that provided interracial couples with
temporary marriage certicates.
67577
U.S. History
Page 46
52 This list describes a government agency from the 1940s.
War Refugee Board
• established by executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt
in 1944
• formed to “rescue the victims of enemy oppression who are
in imminent danger of death” and to “afford such victims all
possible relief”
• worked with neutral governments
• eased governmental regulations
• assisted private organizations sending funds to Europe
Based on the list and your knowledge of U.S. history, which PRIMARY
reason explains the creation of this agency?
A
To organize public support to defeat European enemies
B
To promote plans for European economic recovery
C
To assist Jews in leaving territories under German control
D
To support the creation of a Jewish government in Israel
67310
U.S. History
Page 47
53 This diagram shows select events associated with World War I.
Which statements complete the diagram?
Select TWO correct answers.
`
Russia withdraws from the war.
`
German submarines attack neutral ships.
`
Congress votes to send military aid to Germany.
`
Woodrow Wilson issues the Fourteen Points.
`
Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated.
78615
54 Which statement describes a signicant contribution of
Eleanor Roosevelt?
A
As a muckraker, she exposed unsafe working conditions in
garment factories.
B
As a Supreme Court justice, she overturned legislation
allowing segregation.
C
As First Lady, she encouraged a greater role for women in the
federal government.
D
As a reformer, she opened a settlement house to aid newly
arrived immigrants.
76434
U.S. History
Page 48
55 How did the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) affect the
U.S. economy?
A
It led to signicantly less trade between the United States and
both Mexico and Canada.
B
It reduced tariffs and made it easier for the United States to trade
with Mexico and Canada.
C
It caused a collapse in the U.S. service industry as a result of trade
with Mexico and Canada.
D
It forced the United States to lower wages for workers to compete
with Mexico and Canada.
82714
56 This excerpt is from a congressional act of the late 1800s.
Whereas in the opinion of the Government of the United
States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country
endangers the good order of certain localities within the
territory thereof: Therefore, . . .
. . . The coming of Chinese laborers to the United States . . .
is hereby, suspended.
—Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
Which statement describes an effect of this act?
A
Merchants in China organized a boycott of U.S. goods.
B
Citizens of the United States objected to Chinese discrimination
and pressured the president to veto the law.
C
Pressure from U.S. allies and trade partners made it illegal to limit
immigration from China.
D
Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad was delayed because
of the impact on Chinese workers already in the United States.
78613
U.S. Manufacturing Jobs,
1994-2010
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U.S. History
Page 49
57 This graph contains data about a job sector in the United States.
Based on the graph and your knowledge of U.S. history, which factor
contributed to the overall trend shown in the graph?
A
A long-term decline in stock prices in the U.S. market
B
Lower production costs in foreign countries when compared with
the United States
C
Reduced demand in the United States for factory-made consumer
goods
D
The withdrawal of the U.S. government from regional free-trade
agreements
76311
Library of Congress
U.S. History
Page 50
58 This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.
This photograph shows a representative for the Negro Labor Relations
League outside a milk company in Chicago, Illinois, in 1941.
Library of Congress
U.S. History
Page 51
Part A
Based on the photograph, which outcome resulted from African
Americans moving north during the Great Migration?
A
They resisted assimilation into the culture.
B
They were reluctant to use their constitutional rights.
C
They were excluded from military service.
D
They experienced discrimination in the workplace.
Part B
Which evidence from the photograph supports the answer to Part A?
A
The style of clothing worn by the man
B
The complaint cited against Bowman Dairy
C
The mention of Uncle Sam
D
The date the event occurred
78628
U.S. History
Page 52
59 How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad affect the
United States in the late 1800s?
A
It reduced economic hardships for many American Indian tribes.
B
It allowed for the construction of textile mills across the West.
C
It decreased the need for the country to be reunied.
D
It encouraged people to establish settlements beyond the
western frontier.
64556
60 This excerpt is from a speech given by a presidential candidate in
the 1920s.
The world needs to be reminded that all human ills are
not curable by legislation, and that quantity of statutory
enactment and excess of government offer no substitute for
quality of citizenship.
The problems of maintained civilization are not to be solved
by a transfer of responsibility from citizenship to government.
—Senator Warren G. Harding, May 14, 1920
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did
Harding affect the economic development of the United States when
he became president?
A
By raising taxes on the wealthy
B
By adopting laissez-faire business policies
C
By reducing trade barriers for imported goods
D
By expanding regulations on corporations
64199
U.S. History
Page 53
61 This excerpt is about a scientic advancement in the food industry.
Unlike plant-based meat imitations already on the market,
lab-grown meat—sometimes called clean meat—starts with
an animal. Though production methods vary by company,
these futuristic foods start with cells extracted from an
animal and cultured to develop into strands of muscle tissue
t for frying in a nugget or pressing into a burger patty.
—“As Lab-Grown Meat Advances, U.S.
Lawmakers Call for Regulation,”
Kelly Servick, May 10, 2018
Which statement BEST explains a reason for the use of this
technology in the United States?
A
There is increased demand for more sustainably produced meat.
B
There is increased competition from lab-grown meat companies
outside the country.
C
There are domestic meat industries failing to fulll consumer
demand.
D
There are lower production costs for lab-grown meat produced
within the country.
83017
U.S. History
Page 54
62 This time line lists select actions related to the democratic process in
the United States.
How were the actions in the time line made possible?
A
Through the passage of legislation because of nonviolent
demonstrations
B
Through the rulings on cases by the U.S. Supreme Court
C
Through the ratication of amendments to the U.S. Constitution
D
Through the use of executive authority by presidents
76857
U.S. History
Page 55
63 These newspaper headlines were published during World War II.
Which newspaper headlines describe opportunities that ethnic
minorities had during World War II?
Select TWO correct answers.
82460
STOP
BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS
IN THE TEST BOOKLET.
U.S. History
Page 56
64 Which statement characterizes the Progressive Era?
A
Widespread societal problems led to an interest in reform efforts.
B
New nancial regulations led to a growth in stock ownership.
C
Increased western migration contributed to the expansion
of railroads.
D
Decreased gold values contributed to prosperity for farmers.
76621
STAAR
U.S. History
PRACTICE
STAAR
U.S. History
PRACTICE
